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Field

Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)

A power electronics device controlling motor speed and torque.

High criticalityLevel 1 – Level 0

What it does

Converts and modulates power to drive motors according to controller commands.

Typically locatedMotor control centres and machine panels.

At a glance

PurdueLevel 1 – Level 0
CategoryField
Protocolsethernet-ip, profinet, modbus-tcp
Talks toPLC, HMI, Drive configuration software
Common vendorsRockwell Automation (PowerFlex), Siemens (SINAMICS), ABB (ACS580/ACS880), Schneider Electric (Altivar), Yaskawa

Why should I care?

Variable Frequency Drive sits at Level 1 – Level 0. Compromise here is not just a data problem — it changes what the physical process does or what operators can see and control.

Common security problems

  • Parameter changes over the network without authentication
  • Web/management interfaces enabled by default

If it is compromised

  • Equipment stress or damage
  • Process disruption

What to monitor

  • Parameter writes
  • Management interface access
  • Unexpected speed commands

How to defend it

  • Disable unused management interfaces
  • Restrict drive networks to their cell zone
  • Baseline drive parameters